The process of digestion

Mole likewise gained from his encounters as a snake that snakes weren't hard of hearing in any way, they can in any case hear utilizing one/two ear(s). Mole at that point met a snake named T. Regular, a patient and delicate snake who showed Wart snakes, history, and legends. T previously informed Wart concerning his training being dismissed as a snake and how he can't recognize a T. Regular. Mole was then told about the reptile's history, including the two families Totalitarians insanities and the Curator's incisors.The Atlanta family had extremely gigantic relatives, while the Cerate family was around 17 feet in length, however dangerously sharp teeth that were monster. The snake T enlightened Wart regarding these two families and how they continually fought and escape from one another. T at that point educated Wart concerning how the python lost its venom. The python discharged his venom in anger after he saw that he moved people to the seventh paradise. The toxin at that point fel l onto trees, water snakes, frogs, and cobras. So as to forestall confusion, the pioneer Aunt E advised the venomous creatures to utilize their toxic substance in self defense.The frog and water snake didn't concur, so they lost their toxic substance because of water. Mole took in numerous things from his experience as a snake conversing with different snakes. Explanations: 1. In part 15, for what reason was Sir Sector so disturbed that the King sent trackers to slaughter hogs in the woods? Sir Sector contended that he needed to rather chase down the hogs with his own group and dogs and gracefully the lord. This is nonsensical on the grounds that the dogs or trackers can be executed in a pig chase, so Sir Sector should be appreciative that he King is sending his own men and canines to hunt.I think the main explanation Sir Sector is furious is on the grounds that he needs to gracefully and feed the trackers and their mutts until the objective Is accomplished. 2. On the base of page 1 94, what Is the melody that is being sung? I don't have a clue how to Interpret this as a melody with the exception of the rhyming, for example, puddle and confound. There are many cut imprints and abnormal words, for example, â€Å"E could ‘rent high mountain It,' e AD to. This is excessively befuddling and I have no clue to what it might be. 3. On page 185,

LDH Purification lab Report Essay Example

LDH Purification lab Report Paper OLD was refined from the ammonium sulfate hastened protein blend by liking chromatography and its action was concentrated by spectrophotometers assurance of NADIA at 340 NM. From Pierce BCC examine of rough homogenate, introductory protein fixation was demonstrated to be 100 MGM/ml. The last protein grouping of the pooled proclivity test was demonstrated to be 0. 2 MGM/ml. It was discovered that the complete explicit movement of OLD was 58. 5 mol/min/MGM, and yield of 0. 6%. Despite the fact that we were fruitful in purging OLD chemical, further advances can be taken to build the yield. Materials and Methods Cell Lysine and Extraction of OLD: Approximately 40 g of minced chicken bosom eat (40. 327 g) is mixed with ml cold extraction cradle in four 30-seconds blasts for homogenate of the muscle tissue. The extraction cushion contained mm Tries-HCI (pH-7. 4), mm 2-Merchantable, mm Phenylmethylsulfonylflouride (AMPS), 1 mm Ethylene Dianne pulled in corrosive (EDIT). The homogeneities methodology was completed vulnerable space to forestall the group of proteins. The homogenate was centrifuged at 15,000 RPM for 20 minutes at 40 C. The supernatant was sifted through two layers of cheesecloth to expel lipids from the supernatant. The all out volume was noted and three 0. Ml aliquots (unrefined concentrate) were put away at - 200 C. Ammonium sulfate precipitation: 60% ammonium sulfate fixation was utilized to accelerate proteins. 0. 39 g of ammonium sulfate per ml of the supernatant was added step by step to the supernatant for 15-20 min with ceaseless delicate blending at 40 C. The blend was centrifuged for 20 minutes at 1 5,000 RPM at 40 C. The supernatant was disposed of and the pellet was put away at - 200 c. We will compose a custom exposition test on LDH Purification lab Report explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on LDH Purification lab Report explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on LDH Purification lab Report explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Dialysis: Ammonium precipitation prompts high convergence of salts in protein blend that can meddle with further refinement steps. So as to evacuate abundance salts, dialysis was performed. The pellet was suspended in Tries-AMPS support (10 edge Tries-HCI, pH 8. 6, 0. 5 mm 2-Merchantable, and mm proportion of EDIT) and blended tenderly until it broke down at 40 C. Volume of ml protein blend was included the dialysis tubing and hatched twice for the time being with two IL cradle changes (Same support as extraction cushion that was utilized for cell lysine). After two brooding, protein blend was reacted delicately and centrifuged for 10 minutes at 15,RPM at ICC. Pellet was disposed of, complete volume of supernatant was noted and three 0. 1 ml aliquots were gathered. Liking Chromatography: Isobaric Blue section was utilized to isolate OLD from different proteins. Ml parts were gathered in thirteen test tubes. Section was first flushed with Tries-AMPS cushion followed by expansion of protein blend. At that point, ml AND Buffer (mm Tries-HCI pH-8. 6, 0. Mm 2-Merchantable, mm Lithium acetic acid derivation and 1 mm AND+) was included trailed by NADIA (mm Its-HCI PH 8. 6, mm NADIA and 0. Mm 2-Merchantable). Between every progression, segment was washed with ml Tries-AMPS Buffer. Each division was exposed to retentiveness perusing of Mann. For retentiveness over 1. NM, 1:10 weakenings were completed. Movement Assay: We utilized OLD Enzyme test to gauge the measure of OLD action in our protein blend. OLD impetuses the transformation of lactate to private and AND+ to NADIA. The NADIA can be resolved spectrophotometers at 340 NM. The OLD test was acted in the unrefined homogenate, desalted division and six pinnacle portions from the Isobaric blue segment. A mixed drink arrangement was set up by blending lactate stock arrangement (120 edge lithium lactate, 10 mm Tries-HCI; pH 8. 6), AND+ stock arrangement (12 mm AND+, 10 mm Tries HCI; pH 8. 6) and bicarbonate stock arrangement (18 mm Enhance, 0. 5 M Nasal) in the proportion of in cavetti. 0 micrometers of the example is then included and the examine retention is estimated at Mann. On the off chance that permeableness was over 1. 5, examples were weakened. Protein Assay: The Pierce BCC Protein Assay (Thermo Scientific) is a cleanser good plan dependent on bioscience corrosive (BCC) for the colorimetric location and quantization of all out protein fixation. A progression of standard arrangement of Bovine Serum Albumin (BAS) extending from 0-2000 pig/ml was set up from a stock arrangement of 2 MGM/ml BAS. Break in weakened unrefined (1:500, 1 :250), desalted (1:100, 1:50), and 6 pinnacle divisions from isobaric blue segment (1:10, 1:5) ere stacked in magnifying lens alongside pause in BCC working reagent. Magnifying lens was brooded for smaller than expected at ICC and afterward the sponginess was estimated at Mann. Results/Discussion The reason for this investigation was to extricate and sanitize OLD catalyst from chicken muscle tissue utilizing an assortment of strategies including homogeneities, ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and partiality chromatography. Action and Protein examine were utilized to follow the general measure of OLD present in the examples. Rough Extraction: Chicken muscle tissue was homogeneity in a blender with cold extraction cushion so as to else cells, discharging OLD into slurry of tissue landmarks. Centrifugation isolated films, cores, and other huge cell segments to a pellet leaving a supernatant of unrefined item. Controlling temperature was a significant thought after homogeneities since in addition to the fact that this stepped discharges proteins like OLD from the cell, however it likewise discharges proteases that would now be able to collaborate to corrupt the OLD. Keeping tests on ice, pre-cooling the cradle, and maintaining a strategic distance from abundance active vitality through moderate mixing were techniques used to limit action of these proteases. After filtration through cheesecloth, our last volume of rough homogenate test ml, significantly more volume than anticipated. Expansion of beyond what ml of cradle volume could have expanded the volume. Other conceivable clarification is that increasingly strong parts, for example, fats were available in the example and thus, over 20 minutes of centrifugation was required. Desalted Sample: 60% ammonium sulfate is added to the rough concentrate that encourages OLD proteins. The subsequent 40% pellet hypothetically contains a large portion of the first OLD, which is re-suspended in extremely less volume (ml) to make an increasingly focused example. This procedure prompts high grouping of salts in bad blend that can meddle with resulting cleansing advances. Ml protein blend experienced dialysis technique that expels overabundance salts and our last volume after dialysis was ml. One potential clarification for increment in our volume could be that extraction cradle got blended in with protein blend either because of tubing spilling or tubing cuts not being appropriately fixed. Proclivity Chromatography: Isobaric Blue segment is a fondness section, which is explicit to dehydrogenate type proteins, because of a compound basically like NADIA being connected covalently appended to the segment. 13 portions were chosen and receptiveness was estimated at Mann to check nearness of OLD protein in the divisions. 1:10 weakening was performed if permeableness perusing was over 1. NM since it spectrographically demonstrates immersion and under 1% light arriving at the locator. During the expansion of protein blend (fraction# 4), high permeableness perusing of NM was gotten (Fig. 1). This could be because of parcel of non-dehydrogenate-type proteins present in our example that got eluted first during liking chromatography. Second pinnacle was seen after AND+ was included since AND arrangement brings about the evacuation of the approximately bound protein. Third pinnacle was seen after NADIA was included since NADIA arrangement brings about arrival of greatest OLD proteins (Fig l) Enzyme Activity Assay: The OLD action was estimated spectrophotometers by estimating the retentiveness of NADIA at 340 NM. Three pinnacle divisions were chosen for this test dependent on their receptiveness esteems acquired subsequent to including AND+ (fraction# 6, 7, 8) and other three in the wake of including NADIA in the partiality chromatography step (fraction# 10, 1 , 12). An immense movement of 141 mol/min/ml was seen at fraction# 7(PUFF ) which showed that we had parcel of proteins present in our example. Second pinnacle movement was seen t part showing that progressively OLD proteins is available in this division than in fraction# 11 (PUFF) (fig. 1). In light of this data, we chose division #10 with respect to our protein test. Desalted demonstrated most elevated movement among all the examples (Tablet ) conceivable because of blunders happening during dialysis clarified beforehand. Figure 1. Permeableness readings of eluted got from liking chromatography with OLD action for 6 pinnacle portions. The desalted division was stacked to the Isobaric blue section and proteins were eluted with Tries-AMPS, AND+ and NADIA wash in this way. The retentiveness at 280 NM of eluted were estimated after ACH gathered parts. The OLD movement was determined from the permeableness esteems acquired at Mann. Protein Assay: We utilized BCC Pierce Assay to decide protein fixations in our protein blend. BAS standard bend was made for arrangement of weakenings running from 0-2000 pig/ml and straight diagram condition was utilized to compute protein focuses for the examples (Table 1). In light of Table 1, with each ensuing sanitization step, protein fixation diminishes as test become progressively focused with just OLD protein. Explicit action should increment and all out action should diminish with very purging advance as tests get less and less weakened.

What Are the Symptoms of a Hangover

What Are the Symptoms of a Hangover Addiction Alcohol Use Print The Symptoms of a Hangover Too Much Alcohol Causes Unpleasant Effects By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 12, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 19, 2020 Antony Nagelmann / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery A hangover is a collection of unpleasant physical and mental symptoms that occur after a session of heavy alcohol consumption. The severity of hangover symptoms can depend on many factors, such as how much alcohol was consumed and the type of alcohol. But hangovers are caused by only one thingâ€"drinking too much alcohol. How much is too much? Some people report hangover symptoms after consuming only two or three drinks, while some heavy drinkers never experience hangover symptoms at all. But for most people, the greater the amount of alcohol consumed and the longer the duration of alcohol consumption, the more severe the hangover symptoms. Common Hangover Symptoms According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, a hangover can include some or all of the following class of symptoms:?? Constitutional: Fatigue, weakness, and thirst.Pain: A headache and muscle aches.Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain.Sleep and Biological Rhythms: Decreased sleep, decreased deep sleep and increased slow-wave sleep.Sensory: Vertigo and sensitivity to light and sound.Cognitive: Decreased attention and concentration.Mood Related: Depression, anxiety, and irritability.Sympathetic Hyperactivity Symptoms: Tremor, sweating and increased pulse, and systolic blood pressure. The Intensity of Hangover Symptoms The intensity of these symptoms and the particular set of symptoms can vary from person to person and from occasion to occasion. A person might experience nausea and dizziness (the feeling that the room is spinning) on one occasion, but experience mainly headache symptoms the next occasion. Hangover symptoms usually begin within several hours after the drinking session ends when the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) begins to fall. The symptoms usually peak at the time when the drinkers BAC returns to zero. Hangover symptoms can last from a few hours to up to 24 hours. Another Danger of Tying One On Excessive alcohol consumption can cause more than a general feeling of malaise the next day. Extreme alcohol consumption can cause acute alcohol poisoning which can be life-threatening. The symptoms of alcohol poisoning can include many of the same symptoms as a hangover, but they go far beyond a mere hangover.?? Alcohol poisoning symptoms can include: Difficulty remaining consciousPassing out and cant be awakenedVomiting while passed outConfusionSlow heart rate and bluish-colored skinCold to the touch and low body temperatureSeizuresVery slow or irregular breathing If you see anyone with the above symptoms after drinking, call 9-1-1 immediately. Stay with the person and try to turn them on their side so they do not choke on their own vomit. If they stop breathing entirely, begin CPR. Even if you dont see any of the above symptoms of alcohol poisoning, if the person is passed out and cannot be awakened, they could be at risk of dying. Seek medical help immediately. When Hangover Symptoms Become a Problem If you frequently experience hangover symptoms or your hangover symptoms have begun to affect you at school or work, you may have developed an alcohol use disorder. One symptom of alcohol use disorder is continuing to drink in spite of repeated negative consequences. If your hangovers have gotten to the point that they are negatively affecting your life, your relationships, or your ability to perform at school or work, you may want to consider seeking professional help or at least an evaluation. Is it a hangover or is it alcohol withdrawal symptoms? Take the Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms Quiz

Local Theologies By Robert Schreiter - 828 Words

Author’s Main Arguments In Constructing Local Theologies, Robert Schreiter, is attempting to guide his readers in a theological process (though very much in conversation with anthropological methods) that seeks to understand the relationship between local theological manifestations and the Christian tradition. For Schreiter, the mid-twentieth-century marked an important shift in the relationship between the gospel, church and culture. However, being a Catholic scholar, he stresses Vatican II as one of various events that produced a groundwork that opened the way for new and unique local manifestations. According to Schreiter, these local theologies can be broadly grouped into three models: translation, adaptation and contextual. However, these models are just the tip of the iceberg, thus to really dig deep into the dynamics of the construction of local theologies Schreiter’s proposes a semiotic approach to culture. By this, he is stressing the importance of listening to culture (signs, codes and metaphors) so that we can move from a ‘thin description’ of culture to a ‘thick description’ or meanings. Schreiter reasoning for such anthropological methods is due to his goal of making the encounter of â€Å"local theology and the Christian tradition† easier and more importantly, to evaluate the Christian identity of the local theology to the Christian tradition. Unfortunately, in his final analysis, he does not resolve the tension. More so, using various case studies that focusedShow MoreRelatedThe Models Of Contextual Theology Essay2453 Words   |  10 PagesWrite a book review of Stephen B. Bevans’ Models of Contextual Theology. Describe and evaluate the theological assumptions behind each of the ‘models’ of contextual theology. Models of Contextual Theology is a concise theological book exploring the interaction between the good news of the gospel message and the culture and context within which we live. Bevans is a Roman Catholic priest and academic, who spent several of his early years working in the Philippines, learning practically what it meansRead MoreSyncretism And Anti Syncretism : The Politics Of Religious Synthesis Essay2024 Words   |  9 PagesRitual Ladder said otherwise. Being seen as outsiders in Greece, the Albanians were once witness of local celebration of saint’s festival. But after certain period of time, they reside permanently and began to participate in the celebration as part of the community, without feeling violated with their own religion. In this case practicing host society’s culture is a mean of involvement into local community, a process of finding a place in the community. Moreover, it is possible for two religions

What Everyone Else Does When It Comes to William and Mary Essay Samples and What You Must Do Different

What Everyone Else Does When It Comes to William and Mary Essay Samples and What You Must Do Different William and Mary Essay Samples Ideas I believe we just loved the way that they were so likeable. The show starts in 1 hour. Another instance is use a towel, instead of paper towels. The biggest thing we can do in order to help endangered animals is to manage our world. It is essential for every believer to understand what their spiritual gift is. His gift enables him to take a challenging idea and break it down so it's simple to grasp. Knowing your gift is only the start. Definitions of William and Mary Essay Samples William Shakespeare does not have any evidence which he was eligible to compose his plays. Mary Sue realizes that the folks of Pleasantville have plenty of potential, however they don't realize it yet. She was frightened at the appearance of the angel. George is more concerned regarding the simple fact that his dinner isn't ready than he is about the simple fact that his wife isn't there. Society, generally speaking, became prudish in respect to sex. The United States of america is a freakish outlier in regards to our incarceration prices. William and Mary Essay Samples Options If so, then you've probably found your school. The school is just one of the most selective public universities in the nation. When it has to do w ith public universities, they're likely to apply to other top-ranked schools like the University of Virginia and Virginia Tech. University of Virginia is among the most popular and respected public universities in the United States, so much so it's regarded among the Public Ivy League Universities. The prompt is about the things which make you stand out and there is not any way a bare minimum application is likely to stand out to admissions. You can't listen to music that doesn't harken back to your very own social experience. The particular questions and topics you're permitted to write about will differ based on which colleges you're applying to, and in most instances, you'll have multiple choices to select from. So students have to be alert to that and must take it in a suitable spirit. Life, Death, and William and Mary Essay Samples You have to be able to comprehend and determine all kinds of figurative language. A lousy mood can cause you to lash out or stray from your preferred direction equally as easily as a fantastic mood can cause you to be overconfident and impulsive. You could possibly be requested to demonstrate the way the figurative language contributed to the tone. Even by reading the word or hearing the term perseverance, will offer you energy and packs a potent punch. You cannot imagine the level of disparity between both. You use meiosis once you intentionally understate someone or the state of an individual or a function. This view is called the two-source hypothesis. Same is true with nature when nature changes it is similar to a stunning dancer. William and Mary Essay Samples Explained The distinction is that they understand that life's challenging moments offer you valuable lessons. It's a pure desire for her to provide help. Meiosis is utilized to belittle an individual or a scenario. The chance of loss is more than offset by the potential for a massive gain. Exhaustion becomes a lifestyle. Understanding it's manifestations and the way to utilize it requires insight and discernment. Alienation is the reason for the Creature's unhappiness. William and Mary Essay Samples - Overview I have to get this operation. His works, for instance, have withstood all sorts of criticisms for the previous 400 years to stay equally as powerful since they were at the time they were written. You're able to get started building your application portfolio at any moment. Things You Should Know About William and Mary Essay Samples The initial 2 FRQ's also supply you with a passage and request that you write about that topic. Treat every section as though it matters. If you're already a musician, you may discover this next section boring. Yes, there's somebody who can assist you with your essays expert essay writers at MyPerfectWords. Readers may lose their interest promptly. There are a few poetic devices utilized within this poem. With our academic writers you'll never face such a matter.

Greek Culture vs Roman Culture Free Essays

Greek Culture VS. Roman Culture Gabraille Driscol American InterContinental University HUMA215-1204D Ms. Cheryl Lemus Abstract Many people are unaware of just how alike the Romans and the Greeks are. We will write a custom essay sample on Greek Culture vs Roman Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now They have many of the same cultures because they adapted them from each other. From modern art to the gods and goddesses. Everything that the Greek have the Romans also has. Yes there are a few changes that have been extracted throughout the two but they are similar to each other in many ways. Roman gods are known as the same thing that Greek gods are. But they have different names for them. The Roman culture is very un strict and focus of the greater good of the gods and mankind. These are just some of the few things that are focused with the Greeks and the Romans. The Greece culture was one just like what the â€Å"New World† went through. Their period was made up of Polis better known as city states. Their society was broken up between free people and slaves. The free people kept the slaves. The slaves worked without pay many time and did hard labor such as the slaves of the 20th century. Many slaves lived with their master, but were over work and almost never paid. As their society evolved so did the people. They changed from free people to free men. They were divided between Citizens and Metics. If you were a citizen than both of your parents were from the Greece decent. Metics were foreign people that came over to Athens from other places to learn a craft. Many of them were forced to serve in the military. Metics also had to pay taxes and would never be considered a citizen. Women had no rights in the Greece culture any foreign affairs they were involved in was because of their husbands or a man they were involved with. When it came to their government many citizens were thought to serve on the government after taking part in the military. The Greek agriculture system was called orders, they had three orders. They were Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Parthenon is an order of Doric the temple of Athena Parthenos (â€Å"Virgin†), Greek goddess of wisdom, on the Acropolis in Athens. The Parthenon was built in the 5th century BC, and despite the enormous damage it has sustained over the centuries, it still communicates the ideals of order and harmony for which Greek architecture is known. Ironic order is The Temple of Apollo at Didyma – The Greeks built the Temple of Apollo at Didyma, Turkey (about 300 BC). The design of the temple was known as dipteral, a term that refers to the two sets of columns surrounding the interior section. These columns surrounded a small chamber that housed the statue of Apollo. With Ionic columns reaching 19. 5 m (64 ft. ) high, these ruins suggest the former grandeur of the ancient temple. The territory of Greece is mountainous, and as a result, ancient Greece consisted of many smaller regions each with its own dialect, cultural peculiarities, and identity. Regionalism and regional conflicts was a prominent feature of ancient Greece. Cities tended to be located in valleys between mountains, or on coastal plains, and dominated a certain area around them. The Roman culture was very much like the Greek culture because much of it was adopted from the Greek. Much of the roman culture is still in our world today. They built bridges and sewers which we still use today. They help to develop wells and other sources to get water. The roman ideas were much of the ideas that are still used in today economy. They created the death games and gladiators which we still use today. Much of our culture was adapted from the Romans. They came up with many things that the U. S. has to thank them for. Roman theater came from the Greek as well but more developed. They came up with many adlibs and improv that Shakespeare used and many new sitcoms use today. The roman a d Greek gods and goddesses share many of the same attributes but have different names. The roman government was run by priests who were mentors between both men and gods. They maintained the good will and support for Rome. Lastly the roman philosophers were the Greek philosophers. References N. S. Gill, Roman Culture: An introduction to the culture of Rome, especially the Roman Republic. (2012). Retrieved on November 2012, Retrieved from http://ancienthistory. about. com/od/culture/tp/061511-Roman-Culture. htm Ancient Greece, (2012) Retrieved on November 2012, retrieved from http://www. ancientgreece. com/s/Culture/ Ancient Greece, 21 October 2012 Retrieved on November 2012, retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ancient_Greece How to cite Greek Culture vs Roman Culture, Essay examples

Single parenting households free essay sample

Single-parent families in todays society have their share of daily struggles and long-term disadvantages. The issues of expensive day care, shortage of quality time with children, balance of work and home duties, and economic struggle are among the seemingly endless problems these families must solve. As a subject for my photographic essay, I illustrate the concept of the single-family and their corresponding struggles with daily life. As many single-parent households are female-headed, their economic burden is much greater than that of a single-father family. This issue results from the fact that single women typically do not earn the same income as a single man; thus, there is a consequent economic struggle not experienced in the single-father household. An offshoot of this economic struggle is the balance of work and family duties. Single mothers often must work overtime shifts to compensate for the low salaries, thus taking time away from their children and other domestic chores. We will write a custom essay sample on Single parenting households or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This results in a child that is home alone, without adult supervision, or placed in a daycare service for up to 8-10 hours per day. Government subsidized daycare is not yet a realized dream, and many single mothers pay large fees for this service. Also included in this essay is an illustration of the perspectives on child adjustment following a divorce. The photographs incorporate the parental loss, parental adjustment, parental conflict and economic hardships outlined in Newman and Grauerholz (2002). I expect my finished essay to evoke a well-founded respect for single-parent households and enhance a general understanding of the circumstances inherent therein. Two parents are always better than one according to the parental loss perspective. In a two-earner family, one parent may be able to stay at home with the children. But in a single-parent family, the parent rarely has the option of staying home to care for children full-time. Finding affordable, available childcare is likely to be a challenge. According to the parental conflict perspective, children suffer from witnessing spousal abuse. The parental adjustment perspective suggests that children in single parent families suffer because their parents have difficulty adjusting and functioning. According to the economic hardship perspective, children suffer from lower incomes more common among* single-parent families. Children in single-mother households are especially vulnerable because women tend to earn lower pay.

Marketing Exam 1 Study Guide Essay

Marketing Exam 1 Study Guide Essay Marketing Exam 1 Study Guide Essay Marketing Exam 1 Review Chapter 1 Marketing – the activities, set of institutions and processes for creating, communicating, delivering and engaging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners and society at large. Exchange – people giving up something in order to receive something they would rather have. Product orientation – a philosophy that focuses on the internal capabilities of the firm rather than the desires and needs of the marketplace. Sales orientation – the ideas that people will buy more goods and services if aggressive sales techniques are used and that high sales result in high profits. Marketing concept – the idea that the social and economic justification for an organization’s existence is the satisfaction of customers wants and needs while meeting organizational objectives. Marketing orientation – a philosophy that assumes that a sale does not depend on an aggressive sales force but rather on a customer’s decision to purchase a product; it is synonymous with the marketing concept. Societal marketing orientation – the idea that an organization exists not only to satisfy customer wants and needs and to meet organizational objectives but also to preserve or enhance individuals’ and society’s long term best interests. Customer value – the relationship between benefits and the sacrifice necessary to obtain those benefits. Customer satisfaction – customers’ evaluation of a good or service in terms of whether it has met their needs and expectations. Relationship marketing – a strategy that focuses on keeping and improving relationships with current customers. Empowerment – delegation of authority to solve customers’ problems quickly – usually by the first person the customer notifies regarding a problem. Teamwork- collaborative efforts of people to accomplish common objectives What is marketing? -Determining the needs of a targeted group of consumers -Creating an immediate exchange of value and a long term relationship Four P’s -Product, Price, Promotion and Place Chapter 3 Ethics – the moral principles or values that generally govern the conduct of an individual or a group. Morals – the rules people develop as a result of cultural values and norms. Code of ethics – a guideline to help marketing managers and other employees make better decisions. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act – a law that prohibits U.S. corporations from making illegal payments to public officials of foreign governments to obtain business rights or to enhance their business dealings in those countries. Corporate social responsibilities – a business’s concern for society’s welfare. Pyramid of corporate social responsibility – a model that suggests corporate social responsibility is composed of economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities and that the firm’s economic performance supports the entire structure. Sustainability – the idea that socially responsible companies will outperform their peers by focusing on the world’s social problems and viewing them as opportunities to build profits and help the world at the same time. Green marketing – the development and marketing of products designed to minimize the negative effects on the physical environment or to improve the environment. Cause related marketing – the cooperative marketing efforts between a for-profit firm and a nonprofit organization. Influential factors on ethical decision-making -Extent of problems, probability of harm, top management actions, time until consequences, potential consequences, number affected and social consensus -Four sets of norms – societal, general business, company and personal - Must satisfy all four to be ethical AMA Code of Ethics – do no harm, foster trust in the marketing system and practicing ethical values that will improve consumer confidence in the integrity of the marketing exchange system. Chapter 4 Target market – a group of people or organizations for which an organization

Has Social Media Killed Live Blogging

Has Social Media Killed Live Blogging Hasnt Twitter and Storify – pretty much any social media – killed live blogging? Well, no. Live blogging is not dead, not exactly. The reports of its death are greatly exaggerated. Granted, live blogging has certainly changed in recent years, becoming a mix of blogging and social feeds on the blogs and websites of those who use this technique, but it is still very much alive. Why Live Blogging Still Matters Live blogging is when you create single post or page that you update continuously throughout an event. Its a powerful tool, but surprisingly, most bloggers dont use live blogging much. It seems relegated to newspapers and news organizations to cover breaking news. Live blogging used to be the go-to method for live coverage, though its popularity is in decline while interest in live tweeting is increasing. You can see that interest in live blogging has declined since 2011. Information from Google Trends. Despite the decline in interest, its a shame bloggers dont use live blogging anymore.  Even with social media, there are reasons why live blogging still has a place in any bloggers repertoire. Live blogging is easy to promote. A live blog has all the immediacy, but just one link to share. You can promote that post or page on social media, and let people know you are live blogging. With a tool like (that connects directly to your blog), you can easily send out regular social messages alerting your audience to your live blogging. You can publish the landing page or post with information on when the event will unfold ahead of time, noting that youll be live blogging there at that time. This makes it easy to promote before the event begins, giving you a single link and plenty of blog real estate to prepare your audience for what youll be live blogging. Live blogging makes it easy to promote your coverage before, during, and after an event.Live blogging can save your Twitter followers. A live blog can spare your followers a deluge of tweets. One of the biggest problems that happens when you live tweet events is that you lose followers. Every year I get carried away and live tweet the Super Bowl and by the end of the night I have lost at least 15 followers. At least. What if I were to live blog the event instead? I could share a few times on social media that I was doing so, and keep the commentary on my own blog so interested parties could join in. There are some events that your followers might not care to hear about, and even if you warn them youll be live tweeting something, some will still unfollow and take you out of their feed. Tweeting too much is a real problem. Live blogging instead of live tweeting keeps you from losing followers who arent interested.Live blogging is better for coherent information. Live blogging isnt limited to 140 characters, hashtags, searches, or any of the other limitations that Twitter sets. Just as blogging is similar to journalism, live blogging is more like a reporters notebook. Twitter is more like a succession of information blips, forcing you to end your tweets with 1/5 or something similar to carry on a longer chunk of information. Readers end up with soundbite information, snippets of content that arent placed in context and can be misunderstood. If you need to capture an event as it unfolds with more than 140 characters and have control over the order your content appears, live blogging is where its at. Social media feeds have limitations on how much you can say, the order they will publish it, and how your fans can find it. If you have important information or something you want delivered consistently in an organized manner during an event, live blogging will do that. Live blogging prevents soundbite information that happens on Twitter. It puts an event in context.Live blogging is the best draft training there is. If you are a blogger with perfectionist tendencies who dawdles and dwells on drafts for days on end, struggling to hit publish and take a post live, then live blogging is going to cure you of it quickly. Really quickly. Its blogging, remember, and not tweeting. Its blogging, but youre doing it live. Your audience is seeing it as it happens. You are going to develop a keen sense of hearing, distilling it down to the basic facts, writing, instant proofing, and publish. And then repeat. Live blogging is exciting. Live blogging puts an end to draft anxiety. You learn to blog quickly.Live blogging brings traffic to your site. When you live tweet, you drive traffic toTwitter. Live-blogging is how you drive traffic back to your own site where you may have ads or affiliate links you are using to generate revenue. With proper promotion, you can use your live coverage of an event to increase your email list or any other call to action that your blog relies on. When Live Blogging Fails Sometimes, though, live blogging doesnt cut it. Its too insulated in some situations. There are times when you want to be on social networks for an event, participating with others, instead of on your own property. Social is king for nation/world-wide events. Lets use that Super Bowl example again. If Im live blogging it instead of live tweeting it, Im doing my uninterested Twitter followers a favor, maybe, but Im missing out on a lot of camaraderie (and possible new followers). For example, the 2011 playoff game between the Bears and the Packers was dismal until a surprise near-turnaround in the final quarter. After the Bears starting quarterback and his replacement were out of the game (accompanied by much mockery), little-known third-stringer Caleb Hanie was brought in. The game suddenly got interesting. Twitter exploded. Tweets were pouring in by the thousands, and Hanies Twitter account racked up over 7,000 followers in about 20 minutes. This was when Twitter still had a live stream in Google search, and watching the Caleb Hanie tweets roll in was incredible fun. People were making jokes, predictions, frantic pleas – this looked like a classic underdog story. And even though  the Bears didnt pull it off, it was a great time to be on Twitter and watching the game. I would not have had that community experience live blogging. I picked up a few new NFL-loving followers, and followed a few myself, just from that experience. When an event is stretched across a wide swath of geography and people, social media is where you tap into it, particularly if it isnt your event and you mainly want to ride the wave along with the rest. Live tweeting national and global events makes more sense than live blogging them.Social is easier to set up and use. Social media apps are on your phone and on the go. Youre already using them, almost as second nature. Theyre easier. They are right with you when something happens. Twitter is a simple app on your phone, requiring no special plugins, immediately accessible. Traditional live blogging has been the forte of the laptop, not the simple phone. Live tweeting a breaking news event out in the field makes excellent sense. You have your phone, which is your camera and publishing tool. Live blogging is not as portable (yet). So when it comes down to which is easiest to use during an event, social media is almost always right there and ready to go. When you have a small readership, social gets attention. Be honest. You might not have a big readership on your blog. You could live blog an event and all 40 of your readers would see it, or you could live-tweet an event and have all 600+ of your followers see it. If your social feeds are more active and read than direct readership of your blog, take your coverage to social media if you want it to get seen.

Mundell-Fleming model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mundell-Fleming model - Essay Example If the monetary policy is constant and is not modified, higher level of government spending might entail the sharp rise in the demand for money which in turn may lead to higher interest rates. As one knows from the course in macroeconomics, capital inflows that, the nation can receive in this scenario, may strengthen the exchange rate to the level that it can hamper the export operations of the private companies and thus reduce or even stultify any positive expansionist effect of the government spending. The following graph illustrates the model; it also provides the illustration on the effect that fiscal policy under floating exchange regime might cause on the economy of the country. Thus monetary policy is one of the most effective tools in the economic policy of the Government under floating exchange rate regime; if the government increases the supply of money, which leads to the reduction of the interest rates, which consequently entails capital outflow, that in turn depreciates exchange rates and consequently stimulates export activities in the country and leads to the expansion in the economy through higher level of net exports. 2 The opposite situation occurs under the regime of fixed exchange rates. As one can see under floating exchange rates in the short time period, the interest rate is bound to decrease (which might take more positive effect on the economy and stimulate investment activities in the country... First, there should be one "interest parity" condition. National interest rates on the bonds i should equal interest rates overseas i* with the expected rate of the depreciation of the exchange rate (Et (et+1 - et)). In the above mentioned equitation, e is a logarithm of the exchange rate (foreign currency denoted in national one), whereas Et is the expectations of the markets based on the time t information. As one can conclude from the situation mentioned, there is no difference between the profitability of national and foreign bonds; however as in current economic system, the capital is highly mobile so the two bonds could pay various interest rates only if the investors expect to receive some compensation from the differences in exchange rates. It is assumed in this model that the country is comparatively small in the global capital market and the foreign interest rate i* is exogenous in this case. (On this picture MM- short time equilibrium, whereas GM -goods market equilibrium, q long run equilibrium level of the real exchange rate, e exchange rate, C and B various levels of the economy). 3 The rate parity equitation in this case is written as the following: it +1 = i + Et (et +1- et), in this equation it +1 is the nominal exchange rate whereas (et +1- et) predicted rate of charge of exchange rate. Dornbusch's model was based on the assumption that there was no uncertainty in the economy; many observers also claim that above mentioned equation of uncovered interest parity is rather an exception from the rule, and the interest parity situation rarely happens in practice. According to equation of Dornbusch high interest rates might lead to the increase in the opportunity cost of keeping money and thus entail the decrease in the demand for money; the

Referral coursework- Viva Alterative Coursework

Referral - Viva Alterative - Coursework Example hers had highlighted a possible relationship existing between the ecological characteristics of the Canary Islands and the morphological characteristics exhibited by the Chalcides lizard. Such previous researches have associated the differences in morphology exhibited by the lizards as occurring due to adaptation to the varied environmental conditions or because of the nutrients available in the four Canary Islands. In a bid to ascertain whether this relationship between the morphological characteristics of lizards and the environmental conditions in the different islands existed, 296 lizards were identified as an effective sample for the study. Notably, the 296 lizards used in the study were obtained from the four islands which exhibit varied environmental conditions. The lizards were transferred to a laboratory and effective preservation occurred in preparation for the statistical analysis. Notably, there was a possibility that lizards from the same island would have different morphological characteristics. Among the 296 lizards, 88 were from the La Gomera islands while 74 were from the Gran canary. In addition, 85 lizards were collected from the Tenerife Island and the remaining 47 were obtained from El Hiero Island. The study observed body scalation and body dimensions and went forth to use the one way ANOVA to analyse the covariance between the morphological traits and the environmental co nditions in each island. There was evidence that there is an existing correlation between the two variables in the different Canary Islands. Evidently, obtaining a sufficient sample size of the four Canary Islands, considering the geographical condition of each was a major challenge. This required both time and adequate resources as well an effective identification and collection technique of the Chalcides lizards. Moreover, the climatic conditions of the islands were not favourable for the researcher and the research required resilience if an effective sample size was to

Murder of Chandra Levy

Murder of Chandra Levy During the summer of 2001, the scandalous murder of twenty-four year old D.C intern, Chandra Levy, had been plastered all over the media. Levys 2001 disappearance formed into a national sensation, after the California native was romantically connected with former congressional representative Gary Condit. The Levy murder, after sixteen years, still remains as Washingtons most famous unsolved crime. There were very few people involved in the proposed scandal. One of the main individuals involved was congressman Gary Condit, a conservative Democrat. He was inconclusively linked to the disappearance of a federal intern, Chandra Levy. It is rumored the two were romantically involved, but Condit stuck heavily with his decision to not verify if this is true. Chandra Levy, native of Modesto, California was an intelligent being, who had a dream to save the world. She was known as a thrill seeker and wanted to become a modern version of Mata Hari, a WWI spy who infiltrated high levels of military commands. She graduated from the University of Southern California with a Masters degree in Public Administration. After interning for a few government members, she learned about the private world of high level politicians who had secret sex lives, Gary Condit for example. She was intrigued by this information, and could easily use her information to her advantage. The scandal between the notable congressman and the intern, was getting a lot of heat, tensions were on the rise. Rumors of Condits tenacious sexual appetite, and how Levy had been done away with, whether it was directly addressed or not by Condit, it is still a mystery. Their relationship could ruin his career and family. However, there are many different theories and versions of what actually happened between the two, although the facts tell the truth. Levy, was secretively an agent of an Israeli spy team called the MOSSAD that sees great importance of their relationships with the U.S, and would be unable to exist, without large amounts of help. The agency is dependent on critical intelligence information that is obtained through cooperation and or secretly. Levy was in the perfect position to gather top secret information, through her position of work and by using her female power of persuasion. Condit, being the senior member of the intelligence committee made him a prime target for such an operation. The seduction of such powerful government officials, provides foreign powers the added advantage of being able to bribe and control the unsuspecting targeted victims to acquire wanted information. After more than 14 months of investigation, Chandra Levys skull had mysteriously been found in Washingtons Rock Creek Park. on May 22st 2002 Although most of the incriminating evidence had been long gone due to the effects of time, it was clear that this was not an accident and had been declared a homicide. Ingmar Guandique, an illegal immigrant from El Salvador, was pinned as the murderer of Levy, all evidence pointed in his direction. Federal prosecutors could no longer prove a case against Guandique. The U.S. attorneys office of Washington concluded that it can no longer prove the murder case against Mr. Guandique beyond a reasonable doubt. (Hounding Gary Condit). The beginning and end of Condit and Levys scandal, took place from May of 2000 up until her disappearance on May 1st of 2001. All of the focus and attention this scandal received, had soon came crashing down along with the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. In March of 2002, Condit lost his bid for re-election, mostly because of his ties to the scandal, making this his first time ever losing an election. While the country was focusing on the scandal, the U.S and British forces had started war with Afghanistan. Lasting over thirteen years. There were enough surrounding events during the time of this case that could become more important to the public. Although Condit was never considered a suspect, rumors had circulated and had never been proven. There was no significant proof that he was involved in the disappearance and murder of Levy, which raised more than a few major red flags. Condit had been subject to a poly graph test at the request of Levys parents Robert and Susan Levy, after sources revealed that Condit admitted to having an affair with the intern. Although he failed to answer key questions it didnt effect the results. There was speculation that his results were tampered with. Andrew Schapiro, New York criminal defense lawyer mentioned that such friendly tests, only requiring three questions, arent considered reliable. Condits refusal to play by the new behavioral rules for public officials. Public officials must go through human ethics training it is an instrument for building integrity in state institutions and making sure there is a noble worth of governance. (What REALLY Happened To Chandra Levy). An online magazine writer, Mikey Kaus suggested that if Condit was normal, smart and aware of the rules of engagement (created in response to the Lewinsky-Clinton scandal) then he would have held a press conference the first week Levy was missing, admitted to having an affair with her, and would say that he was terribly sorry and didnt do anything to harm her. Since this is not what happened, he had been put in the impossible position of trying to establish his own innocence without the media being his ally. The government was not directly affected by this scandal, although small pieces within it were. The complicated and mysterious situation had affected the justice and equity and a sort of closure within Levy and Condits relationship. The laxity of the law enforcement system had been compromised. Since Condit had lost the chance of re-election, all of his campaign money was wasted, but the government did not suffer as much as it could have. Surprisingly, many people were effected by the events, and chilling facts of this case. Chandras parents and family were the most affected, losing a beloved daughter who had such a successful and happy life ahead of her. Soon after Levy had disappeared, her home town of Modesto, California and the Levy family had arranged a memorial for their daughter. A turn-out of twelve-hundred people had shown up to pay their respects to the young intern. Condits career and family life had suffered a large blow, but he was a protected person that could eventually rebuild his life unlike the Levy family, they will never be able to do. There is no perfect outcome from this tragic scandal, there is little justice for Chandra and her family. The conviction of Chandras supposed killer, was clearly made by weak assumptions and deceptive evidence. Ingmar Guandigue had not been convicted for the murder of Levy but had been sentenced for other criminal attacks on women. Condit had preserved his innocence and has been protected from ever being seen as the real villain. The defense attorney who worked on the case, had stated that Condit acted like a guilty man and received special treatment after authorities had ruled him out of being a suspect. Fifteen years following her murder, Condit had published a book called Actual Malice describing the unfortunate events that had occurred during his time knowing and being involved with Levy but also his side of the story. Gary had issued a statement through his lawyer saying that he was disappointed in the dismissal of his involvement in the case. The failure of authorities to bring formal closure to this tragedy after fifteen years is very disappointing but in no way alters the fact that Mr. Condit was long ago exonerated by authorities.Although he has had plenty enough media time to prove his innocence, millions of people whole-heartedly believe that Condit is completely guilty. The national sensation, although unfortunate, had gained millions of questions, and more than enough attention. Government scandals always seem to be covered up somehow, the truth is twisted to preserve ones innocence. Chandra Ann Levy, was someone who could change our world and create a safer place for our future children, her untimely death has made a numerous amount of people open their eyes to much more than what is put in front of them. Levys story, and even her murder has proven that no matter how intelligent, beautiful, and protected people can be manipulated in ways that can end their life.

The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 24

Ella â€Å"Are you sure you want to do this?† I ask Lila for the thousandth time. She piles the last box into her trunk and slides her glasses over her eyes. â€Å"Hmmm†¦ let me think. Go back to a home where I'm nothing but a burden? Or go back to the campus with you and have some fun?† I pick some dirt out from underneath my fingernail. â€Å"I'm just making sure, before you get too committed.† She takes my hands and gives them a swing. â€Å"I want to go with you, okay, so go say good-bye to your dad so we can hit the road.† â€Å"Okay, I'll be right back.† I head across the front lawn for the door when Ethan's truck pulls up in my driveway. I walk up to his window and rest my arms on it. â€Å"So you got my message I take it?† He looks like he just came from work, grease on his face and clothes, and his dark hair has some shavings of rust in it. â€Å"Yeah, I figured I'd come and say good-bye to both of you.† I slant my head to the side and pierce him with an accusing gaze. â€Å"Don't try and pretend that you're here for me.† He places his hand over his heart, faking hurt. â€Å"My heart is breaking and you're making jokes. Wow, you really are evil.† â€Å"Yeah, yeah,† I back up so he can open the door and climb out. â€Å"I'll give you two a minute.† â€Å"I think you've overestimating what's going on between the two of us.† â€Å"Well, I wouldn't have to if one of you would tell me what's going on.† He shrugs and then rounds the back of the truck. Rolling my eyes, I walk into the house to tell my dad I'm leaving and that I plan on coming back in a couple weeks to meet up with Dean. After a long talk on the phone with him – and I'm sure a lot of persuading from Caroline – we decided to meet up here, when Dean can take off work, and give my dad an ultimatum. It's probably one of the hardest things I'll have to do, because I know there will be things said during the conversation that will hurt me. I'm going to push through it, though, because now I understand what I can handle. I find him on the couch, eating a microwave dinner, with a six-pack on the table in front of him. He's watching the television, with a cigarette in his hand, and he barely notices me enter the room. â€Å"Hey Dad,† I say from the doorway. â€Å"I'm getting ready to leave.† He rips his eyes from the television, startled, and I wonder if he was even watching it or if he was dwelling in his thoughts. â€Å"Oh, okay, well drive safely.† I rub my sweaty palms together and walk into the room. â€Å"Dean and I are going to be coming back in a few weeks.† He sets his tray down and grabs a beer. â€Å"What for?† I pat my hands on the sides of my legs uneasily. â€Å"We want to talk to you about something.† He sets the beer down. â€Å"I thought Dean was still here.† I shake my head, feeling guiltier about leaving. â€Å"He went home a week or two ago†¦ but Dad, can you try and take care of yourself a little bit better?† I take a deep breath and throw a hint out into the open. â€Å"And maybe stop drinking so much?† He glances at the row of beers in front of him like he just realized they were there. â€Å"Oh, I don't drink that much, do I?† I sigh and sit down on the couch beside him. â€Å"You didn't used to, but now it's kinda all you do.† He bobs his head up and down. â€Å"Alright, I'll try to cut back.† I know he won't, but hopefully Dean and I will be able to convince him to go to rehab where he can get the help and counseling that he needs. I give him a hug, even though he winces. Then I walk away, hoping he'll be okay, but knowing that until he makes the decision to change all I can do is try to help him.

A Brief Note On The Louisiana Territory Impacted The...

Sonny Boddie Period 3 Mrs. McQuade Research Paper Outline In 1803, the Louisiana territory impacted the United States of America with the acquisition of land all across North America. â€Å"Immediately after the ratification of the present Treaty by the President of the United States†¦the commissary of the French Republic shall remit all military posts of New Orleans and other parts of the ceded territory to†¦the President to take possession†. The Louisiana territory was purchased from the French for fifteen million dollars. This was after the Spanish had sold the territory to France. Unlike the United States, France had not realized the great significance of this land and all the opportunities it could have potentially opened to their own†¦show more content†¦The Louisiana Purchase allowed more efficient methods of trading goods through a boost in new opportunities. New Orleans, a piece of property that came with the purchase, became a major shipping port for the United States. â€Å"The treaty gave American tra ders a place to unload their flatboats and a bateaux near the port of New Orleans so they could transfer their cargoes to ocean-going vessels† . Being able to transfer goods to ocean-going ships facilitated the process of trade. New Orleans opened trading access to the Mississippi and the rest of the world. By controlling the New Orleans port, the United States had the capability to trade with overseas nations. Previously, states further inland had to transport their products all the way to the East Coast which took several weeks due to the poor transportation routes which included crossing or going around the Appalachian Mountains. The US economy was now able to grow at a much greater rate. Furthermore, as part of the Louisiana Purchase treaty, the United States was given full control of the Mississippi River. â€Å"Americans living on the frontier west of the Appalachians were dependent on shipping their agricultural goods†¦to New Orleans. Thus, they needed the Mississ ippi†. Being on the west of the Appalachian Mountains made it difficult to transport products, however now with occupation of the Mississippi, crops and goods could be transported west of the mountains in a more efficient manner.

F-105 Thunderchief in the Vietnam War

The Republic F-105 Thunderchief was an American fighter-bomber that earned fame during the Vietnam War. Entering service in 1958, the F-105 underwent a series of mechanical issues that led to the fleet being grounded on multiple occasions. These were largely resolved and due to its high-speed and superior low-altitude performance, the Thunderchief was deployed to Southeast Asia in 1964. From 1965 onward, the type flew the bulk of the US Air Forces strike missions in Vietnam as well as frequently conducted Wild Weasel (suppression of enemy air defenses) missions. The F-105 was largely retired from frontline service after the war and the last Thunderchiefs left reserve squadrons in 1984. Origins Design of the F-105 Thunderchief began in the early 1950s as an internal project at Republic Aviation. Intended to be a replacement for the F-84F Thunderstreak, the F-105 was created as a supersonic, low-altitude penetrator capable of delivering a nuclear weapon to a target deep within the Soviet Union. Led by Alexander Kartveli, the design team produced an aircraft centered on a large engine and able to achieve high speeds. As the F-105 was meant to be a penetrator, maneuverability was sacrificed for speed and low-altitude performance. Design and Development Intrigued by Republics design, the US Air Force placed an initial order for 199 F-105s in September 1952, but with the Korean War winding down reduced it to 37 fighter-bombers and nine tactical reconnaissance aircraft six months later. As development progressed, it was found that the design had grown too large to be powered by the Allison J71 turbojet intended for the aircraft. As a result, they elected to utilize the Pratt Whitney J75. While the preferred power plant for the new design, the J75 was not immediately available and as a result on October 22, 1955, the first YF-105A prototype flew powered by a Pratt Whitney J57-P-25 engine. Though equipped with the less powerful J57, the YF-105A achieved a top speed of Mach 1.2 on its first flight. Further test flights with the YF-105A soon revealed that the aircraft was underpowered and suffered from problems with transonic drag. To counter these issues, Republic was finally able to obtain the more powerful Pratt Whitney J75 and altered the arrangement of the air intakes which were located at the wing roots. Additionally, it worked to redesign the aircraft fuselage which initially employed a slab-sided look. Drawing on experiences from other aircraft producers, Republic employed the Whitcomb area rule by smoothing the fuselage and slightly pinching it in the center.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Repubilc F-105D Thunderchief GeneralLength: 64 ft. 4.75 in.Wingspan: 34 ft. 11.25 in.Height: 19 ft. 8 in.Wing Area: 385 sq. ft.Empty Weight: 27,500 lbs.Loaded Weight: 35,637 lbs.Crew: 1-2PerformancePower Plant: 1 Ãâ€" Pratt Whitney J75-P-19W afterburning turbojet, 26,500 lbf with afterburning water injectionCombat Radius: 780 milesMax Speed: Mach 2.08 (1,372 mph)Ceiling: 48,500 ft.ArmamentGuns: 1 Ãâ€" 20 mm M61 Vulcan cannon, 1,028 roundsBombs/Rockets: Up to 14,000 lbs. of ordnance including nuclear weapons, AIM-9 Sidewinder, and AGM-12 Bullpup missiles. Weapons carried in the bomb bay and on five external hardpoints. Refining the Aircraft The redesigned aircraft, dubbed the F-105B, proved able to achieve speeds of Mach 2.15. Also included were improvements to its electronics including the MA-8 fire control system, a K19 gun sight, and an AN/APG-31 ranging radar. These enhancements were required to allow the aircraft to conduct its intended nuclear strike mission. With the alterations complete, the YF-105B first took to the sky on May 26, 1956. The following month a trainer variant (F-105C) of the aircraft was created while the reconnaissance version (RF-105) was canceled in July. The largest single-engine fighter built for the US Air Force, the production model of F-105B possessed an internal bomb bay and five external weapons pylons. To continue a company tradition of employing Thunder in its aircraft names, which dated back to World War IIs P-47 Thunderbolt, Republic requested that the new aircraft be designated Thunderchief. Early Alterations On May 27, 1958, the F-105B entered service with the 335th Tactical Fighter Squadron. As with many new aircraft, the Thunderchief was initially plagued by problems with its avionics systems. After these were dealt with as part of Project Optimize, the F-105B became a reliable aircraft. In 1960, the F-105D was introduced and the B model transitioned to the Air National Guard. This was completed by 1964. The last production variant of the Thunderchief, the F-105D included an R-14A radar, an AN/APN-131 navigation system, and an AN/ASG-19 Thunderstick fire-control system which gave the aircraft all-weather capability and the ability to deliver the B43 nuclear bomb. Efforts were also made to restart the RF-105 reconnaissance program based on the F-105D design. The US Air Force planned to purchase 1,500 F-105Ds, however, this order was reduced to 833 by Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara. Issues Deployed to Cold War bases in Western Europe and Japan, F-105D squadrons trained for their intended deep penetration role. As with its predecessor, the F-105D suffered from early technological issues. These issues may have helped earn the aircraft the nickname Thud from the sound the F-105D made when it hit the ground though the true origins of the term are unclear. As a result of these problems, the entire F-105D fleet was grounded in December 1961, and again in June 1962, while the issues were dealt with at the factory. In 1964, the issues in existing F-105Ds were resolved as part of Project Look Alike though some engine and fuel system problems persisted for another three years. Vietnam War Through the early- and mid-1960s, the Thunderchief began to be developed as a conventional strike bomber rather than a nuclear delivery system. This was further emphasized during the Look Alike upgrades which saw the F-105D receive additional ordnance hard points. It was in this role that it was sent to Southeast Asia during the escalation of the Vietnam War. With its high-speed and superior low-altitude performance, the F-105D was ideal for hitting targets in North Vietnam and far superior to the F-100 Super Sabre then in use. US Air Force F-105 Thunderchiefs during Operation Rolling Thunder. US Air Force First deployed to bases in Thailand, F-105Ds began flying strike missions as early as late 1964. With the commencement of Operation Rolling Thunder in March 1965, F-105D squadrons began bearing the brunt of the air war over North Vietnam. A typical F-105D mission to North Vietnam included mid-air refueling and a high-speed, low altitude entry and exit from the target area. Though an extremely durable aircraft, F-105D pilots usually only had a 75 percent chance of completing a 100-mission tour due to the danger involved in their missions. By 1969, the US Air Force began withdrawing the F-105D from strike missions replacing it with F-4 Phantom IIs. While the Thunderchief ceased to fulfill a strike role in Southeast Asia, it continued to serve as a wild weasel. Developed in 1965, the first F-105F Wild Weasel variant flew in January 1966. F-105D Thunderchief cockpit. US Air Force Possessing a second seat for an electronic warfare officer, the F-105F was intended for a suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD) mission. Nicknamed Wild Weasels, these aircraft served to identify and destroy North Vietnamese surface-to-air missile sites. A dangerous mission, the F-105 proved highly capable as its heavy payload and expanded SEAD electronics allowed the aircraft to deliver devastating blows to enemy targets. In late 1967, an enhanced wild weasel variant, the F-105G entered service. Later Service Due to the nature of the wild weasel role, F-105Fs and F-105Gs were typically the first to arrive over a target and the last to leave. While the F-105D had been completely removed from strike duties by 1970, the wild weasel aircraft flew until the wars end. In the course of the conflict 382 F-105s were lost to all causes, representing 46 percent of the US Air Forces Thunderchief fleet. Due to these losses, the F-105 was ruled to no longer be combat effective as a frontline aircraft. Sent to the reserves, the Thunderchief remained in service until officially being retired on February 25, 1984.